Apparatus for automatically regulating the drill pressure in deepboring plants



July 25, 1933. w. H. BESIGK 1,919,611

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY REGULATING THE DRILL PRESSURE IN DEEP BORING PLANTS Filed Aug. 13, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 o A 592 i 5 Fig.7. i

l i l July 25, 1933. w. H. BESIGK 1,919,611

APPARATUS FOR AUTOIATICALLY REGULATING THE DRILL PRESSURE IN DEEP BORING PLANTS Filed Aug. 13, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 %1aen2wv ham Am, $4 fl July 25, 1933. w. H. BESIGK 1,919,611v

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY REGULATING' THE DRILL PRESSURE IN DEEP BORING PLANTS Filed Aug. 13, 1931 45heets-Sheet 5 I 1 i i U July 25, 1933. BE l K 1,919,611

- APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY REGULATING THE DRILL PRESSURE IN DEEP BORING PLANTS 4 Filed Aug. 13, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented July 25, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OF WILHELM mm BESIGK, OF DUSSELDORF-A'UF DEB HARDT, GERMANY," ASSIGNOBI TO FIRM: HANIEL & LUEG G. H. B. 3., OF DU SSELDORF-GBAFENBERG, GERMANY APPARATUS roe auromricsnnr :aneonarme 'rnn mum. ranssoan m nnnr- 301mm rmnrs Application and August 13, 1931. Serial No. 556,809, and in Germany August 1930.

This invention comprises a new and improved apparatus for automaticall regulating the drill pressure and the rill feed characterized by the feature that the drill pressure and the torque automatically will be kept within predetermined limits.

The apparatus according to the invention enables to regulate for periods of some length, for instance as longas the length terminable maximum.

parts transmitting the driving and'in connection therewith the weight of the drilling rods remain constant, the drill pressure and the torque in such a way that the drill pressure does not fall below a value adjust-able by hand and that in the .same' manner the torque does not exceed t prede- For this purpose the free end of the rope supporting the drilling tool is loaded, in opposition to the load due to the drilling tool,

by a suitably variable weight or pressure device acting upon a piston fastened etc .the rope end, or it is subjected to an electromagnetic action, thev free ro end being connected with the movable 1ron core of a solenoid. Moreover by mechanical, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic means the draw rope end is indirectly or directly connected with the brake rods at the draw rope drum to the efiect that the brake is, released or tightened by the'movemelits of the draw r0 accord-' ing to the variations of the dril pressure. 0n the other hand the prime mover or the ower .are fitted with devices which, depen in upon the resistance of the rock against t e bit, cause the load at the draw rope end to be indirectly or directly variated.

When for instance thestrain actin upon the drilling rods, when drilling throng hard rock, or when the bt feed is excessive, is

increased and thereby the increased torque exceeds the predetermined and adjusted maximum, the pull at the drill rope end is increased or the piston attached-to the draw roipe end is acted upon by a higher pressure ii in thereby the drilling tool by a correspon ing amount, or the current flowing through the coils of the solenoid is intensi lied, the iron core thereby being drawn in with a greater force. When however the drill pressure and in connection therewith eventually the tor ue becomes smaller than it has been adjuste the free draw rope end is released of its load again and by releasing the rope drum brakes the draw rope is slipped out until the drill pressure necessary been attained.

For a certain length of the drilling rods and therefore for a certain weight dot the drilling rods as a rule it will be possible to maintain .the drill pressure constant, 'i. e.

the reaction pressure of the drilling hit upon the bottom of the boring hole, a readjustment by hand of the load acting upon when adding a new drilling rod section. The amount of the torque too, if any, requires to .be modified only/when the drilling rods are lengthened or when the bit is advanced into rocks with varying hardness. The maximum and minimum limits .once having been adjusted by hand will be ke t to entirely automatically according to t e invention, the bit alwa s working upon the bottom of the boring ole with aconstant drill pressure and being moved up and down intermittentl when meeting with resist ance, until t e rocks causing the resistance have been drilledthrough.

p The accompanying drawings by way of example show devices which represent diffor continuing the drilling operation has 'the draw rope end being necessary only operated by Fig. 4 represents the impulse transmitter as arranged at the fuel pump of the internal combustion engine.

Fig. 5 is a plan view the diaphragm regulator and I Fig. 6 is a section through, this regulator on the line A-B of Fig. 5. I

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate examples of draw rope ends subjected to the action of a fluid under pressure. and loaded by piston with electric impulse transmission and electric operation of the brake of 'the draw rope drum. v d In. 1

Fl 9 re resents r' ressure re ating flant i or shallo w and medium biiing depths crating with'a pressure accumuletor.

" Figs. end 11 show completelyelectrim ally re ulating plants. g he ree en 1 of the draw rope l represented in the drawings by a dot -end dosh line is connected in each one of the cases shown in Figs. 1, 3, 7-9 by means oi the piston rod 2 with the piston 3 of the pressure regulating cylinder l, whereas in Fig. 10 it is connected with the iron core 43 of e solenoid 4 .2. Through the pressure fluid piping 5 the pressure cylinder 4.51s kept under the infiuentze of the pressure fluid contained in the receiver 6 and adjustable to variable and at least two difiet pressure stages so ,that, according to the adjustment of the regulating device known in itself, a constant non rial. pressure and a correspondingly higher pressure .ehle to lift the load or t e boring tool can he caused to act upon the piston 3. The piston rod 2 is provided with a channel 2f in which a downwardly extended rod 7 is'guided by alien 'Z' so that, when the piston is rising, it will be taken along-by the stop collar 2 from a definite position, whereas otherwise 1, 7 on ports suitable for regulating the drill presrectly (Fig. 8) with the reley R.

without mov'ement it slides in the guide when below this position of the piston.v A s ring 8 draws the rod 7 always downwar s, asf soon as the piston goes down. At its other end the rod Itermmates ma valve cone '9 which, when lifted, admits the pressurerfluid from the pressure receiver 6' through the PIPES l0 and 11 into the ,cylinder 12. In the interior of this 0 lindei; a piston 13 is connected throu h the link 14; with the brake lever 15 t e additional weight 16 of which tightens the brake strap 17. The pressure old, when acting upon the piston 13, rel the brake stra Thisvbrake strep l7can be substituted gy any broking device whetsoever of a design well-miown in itself end connected to the drew rope d 18 in any well-known manner. The prime mover not shown in the Figs. 8 or any other power trensmimion sure :zrom which the, impulse for the control mey he derived, or the mternel combustion engine V as outlined hy way of exlie in Fig. 3hcvin the fuel. pump 1? one the pressure cyliner B communicate thncugh the rod or rope connection it the relay 38;. (Figs. l and 3) or through the conductors 20 and 21 oorrmuniceting through the current network with the con clusters i and L with the solenoid 22 (Figs. 7 end 8) .wherehy they s em ere counicating indirectly (Fig. 7% or di- Therehy the pulse to he derived from'the prime mover orthe' power trensmission ports tor the higher pressure acting upon the piston 3 oi the pressure cylinder t end menedzfor liiting the lee-d re by through the pi and 27 in Figs. 3, 7 an Zlhad is provided.-

to keep "charged. The

1,$19,8l1 v I the drilling tool is brought into action, when the torque is exceeded. The spring 19 provided in the rod or rope connection 19 of Figs. 1 end-.3 serves to compensate m imum pressure required in all cases through E5 the pipeline Benito the receiver 6. Intermediate between the pressure vessel 6' end thepressnre cylinder l and in continuation of pipe branchpipe valve 25 which permits to reduce t e pressure fluid supplied by the pressure receiver to alpredetermined pressure or to maintain respectively anormal pressure as adjusted at the relay. llnfthe connecting pipe line line 23 thereis fitted into the 26 moreover a regulatingvalve 27 is fitted 8 in followed by the. pressure release pipe line 28. 29-represents' a three-wayv cock by means of which the regulating device may 7 be cut out by hand and through which when valve 30 is open, the pressure flui Y may be'directly led from the pipe line 23 e line 5 to the pressure cylinder 4. Pipe ineN enables to transmit to the relay R the pressure as existing actually at the pressure cylinder 4 the height of which pressure maybe read at the pressure gauge M.

Instead of pressure-re leting valves (25 4 8 a pressure reguunder a pressureefiuid he pipe line D represents the conneetionof the pressure vessel 6 with the pump supplying the pressure fluid. This pump, however, may also be substituted, as shown in Fig, 9, by a pressure accumulator A. But it will be convenient to have this pressure accumulator A also preceded by a pump which permits the. accumulator permanently parts which in Figs. 3, 7-2 ere similar to sction and arrangement, heve the some reference figures and letters so ti at the explanations given for Fig. I. also see be read with reference to the other figurm.

Fig. 7 shows two pressure vessels fiend (i'one of which,'i. e; vessel 6', can be directly hrosgha not with e definitemeri latin'g vhlve O ectin -mum pressure supplied by the pump upon the piston in the pressure cylinder @3 through the pipe line 31, whereas the other vessel is communicating through he pressure reguleting valve, as described heretofiors, with the pressure, cylinder 4:.

The hrelre strepof Figs. 7' and 8 is tight- 1 line 241 a. pressure to uleting I lating series resistance and through the conductors 36 and 37. The extension 38 of the piston rod 9 of the piston 3 in this case is provided with a catch slot 38 which holds the crank 35 of the series resistance. After each regulating movement a spring 39 draws the crank 35' back into its initial position corresponding to a the maximum passage of current. In the installation of ig. 10 the rope end 1' being connected with the iron core 43 is subjected to the electromagnetic load due to the solenoid 42. When the normal torque is exceeded, the regulatin lever 44' subjected to the influence of t e solenoid 22 acting contrary to the tension of the sprin 4'1 admits a greater current-strength to t e regulating resistance 44 causing the iron core 43 and thereby the rope end 1-to be drawn in or to be.

tightened respectively. In Fig. 11 the coils of the solenoid 42are directly arranged into the circuit of the conductors 46, 47 of the electric prime mover, this arrangement enabling also the coils of the solenoid, 42 to be supplied with a current of greater intensity, when the torque increases i. e.-when more current is consumed. S represents the rotary table, T the drilling rods and U the drilling bit.

The apparatuses will operate as described hereafter. i

1. When the bit meets with increasing resistance and the torque exceeds a predetermined adjustable amount, the impulse is transmitted by the rod or rope connection 19. (Figs. 1 and 3) or by the electric conductors-QO and 21 (Figs. 7 and 8,) to the hand-adjusted relay R causing this appliance to increase t e passage through the pressure regulating valves 25 or O and to bring into action upon the piston 3 of th cylinder 4 a pressure which is higher than the normal pressure. Thereby the piston 3 exercises a stronger pull upon the draw rope 1 lifting thus the drilling rods and diminishing the drill pressure with which the bit U is working upon the bottom of the boring hole. As soon as the drill pressure at the drilling rods and thereby the torque return to their normal values the pressure in excess "at the piston is released through the pipe line 28 so asto attain again its adjusted nor- .mal value by 0 ening the valve 27 or by a corresponding isplacement of the valve O.

invention is shown in combination with a Diesel engine. The desired torque is adjusted by means of the screw a connected to the lever b which is actuated'by means of the piston or its piston rod or by any part connected therewith. As soon as the fuel pump, owing to a higher load of the motor, injects a greater quantity ef fuel, the screw a comes into contact with a distributing slide valve 0 raising it until the n Fig. 3 for instance the embodiment of the A recess d in the distributing slide valve 0 moves past the air' channel 0 and rovides a communication with the cyllnder g through the connecting pipe f. Thereby 7 long as. the'motor 1s producing an increased,

torque. During this period the relay R causes a higher pressure to .be admitted by means of the valve 0 into the pressure cylinder 4 which pressure has to be so high as to raise the drilling tool from the bottom of the boring hole.

In the electric regulating device in accordance with Fig. 10 in a similar way a higher current is put into action in the solenoid 22 which by means of the regulatin resistance 44 increases the current supplied to the supporting solenoid 42 lifting thereby the drilling tool. In the plant driven by the electric motor 45 and having the installation represented by Fig. 11 the solenoid 42 is put in shunt-or in series in one of the current feed mains of the electric motor being supplied thereby directly witha higher, current-in case a higher torque is presenting itself.

2. When the drill pressure of the drilling fbit U becomes less than the amount of pres-' sure fixed for the draw rope end in accordance with the amount of weight or with .the pressure at the piston, the drilling rods with their 'accordingly higher weight stretch the draw rope end pulling upwards therewith the piston 3 in the pressure cylinder 4. In this case the extension? of the piston 3 can move without obstruction within the b01162 of the piston 2 for a certain distance. As soon as the piston 3 is pulled upwards past a predetermined u per point the stop collar 2" catchesthe ange o the -'rod'7 ,and therewith the valve spindle 9 drawing 'them upwards against the action of the pressure vessel 6 coming through pipe line 10 which fluid now is acting through pipe line 11 in the cylinder 12 "upon the piston 13 connected with the brake lever 15,

of the spring 8. Thereby the fluid pressure wards by the spring 8 and the pipe line 10 is shut for the pipeline 11 and the cylinder 12, enabling thereby the brakenweight 16 to tighten the brake strap again.

With reference 'to Fig. 9 the small piston 9' produces, when the piston 3 moves upwards, a higher pressure which is able to raise the piston 13 against the brake Weight 16 mounted to the lever 15 and to release thereby the brake. It is also possible to' piston 3 under load. In Figs. 7 and 8 moreover a device is shown which permits to tighten the brake lever 35' of the regulating for the electromagnet 32 step bymeans of a solenoid'22, the circuit 35, 36, 37 being interrupted for releasing the brake by cutting out ste by step the series resistance 35 by means o 1 he lever 35'. The extension 38 of the piston 3 provided with a catch slot 38' now operates the switch resistance 35, below the ad the current by step oausing the brake lever l oi the draw rope drum 18 to be released and the draw rope drum" to be turned by the weight ofthe/ boring tool. As scones by the descent of the boring tool the drillpressure increases, the pull of the spring 39, due to the piston 3 going do wn'wards, cuts in the current step by step at the regulating resistance cansing the electromagnetic tighten again the brake strap" and to prevent the rope from further unrolling from the drum.

The regulating devices shown in Figs. 10 and 11 work inasimilar wa a It is evident from the examples that the when the'drill pressure tells gusted minimum ahdcuts o method for regulating the drill pressure according to the invention permits a very great variety of modifications, For instance in the case of the boring tool being driven by 2. Diesel engineer a steam engine as represented in Fig. 7 the regulating device can be operated by a three-way cock by means of the solenoid 22 and the-spring 41,'the current for actuating the solenoid 22 notbeing taken, as shown, from an electric network, but being supplied by a small-sized dynamo which is driven by the prime mover and which as soon as the load "of the. prime mover exceeds the adjusted maximum, actu ates by means'of a control device a relay which causes the dynamo to be excited so as to supply current and to excite the solenoid 22 the iron core of which turns the plug of the three-way cock by means of the av r against the action of the spring 41. The eleetromagnet may also be substituted by other suitable'devices such as a cylinder in which a pressure fluid controlled by the, governor 0 the driving engine moves a piston. Furthermore it is possible to load the end of the draw rope 1 by weights or other meansfi l T The automatic slipperoutdevice accordjing to the invention not only controls the drill pressure, but now also depends uponthe torque of the driving engine. Therefore the feed of'the bit canbe exactly adjus ed to all r'oclrsof any naturewhatsoever and to any type of bit. (fish tail bits, rock bits,

disk bits etc);

Contrary thereto regillating' devices which only depend upon the torque, for instance when drilling withiroller t g e' bits, include 'the melt of the roller pins'o' these bits being overloaded because the resistance encountered-by these bits compared with that when boring with fish tail bits is small. Also slip- Moreover it is ossible to use the cylinder 4 when actuated y compressed air'or steam tor reducing the acceleration pressures when hoisting the drilling rods or the casing pipes,

this cylinder acting as an elastic means and 7 prolonging the time used until the speed is attained, thus reducin theireforethe ac celeration. l'his is particularly useful whenusing claw couplings which are forced to suddenly pull u the-load, but also when using friction c u'tch couplings which will have a longer life and be less under strains,

owing to the fact that they are less liable to slide when thrown in. For this reason interns-l combustion engines of a smaller size can be provided for the drive, which applies as well to three-phase electric motors in case of electric drive, because there is no longer any need toproduce agreat starting torqueQ. For the same reason the hoisting apparatuses and all the intermediate parts can have much smaller proportions because i the strains under which they are working, are much smaller. r

I do-not wish however to limit my invenbiota-consisting in the feed and withdrawal of the bit as described heretofore being regul ated for one part by the torque and for the other, part by the drill pressure,to the examples shown herein and to the explanations given thereto, as without departing fromthe spirit and scope of my invention various changes for the said regulating method and device can be found whichaccording to the local conditions may be more convenient, v

What l claim is this: v 1. In combination with a drilling apparatus comprising a rotary drill, power means for rotating the drill, and suspension means for -tlie drill including a brake for c0ntrol ling lowering of the drill and means for lifting the drill; said drill suspension means comprising a single device operable in response to the effective weight of the drill to release said brake when the efiective weight ofthe drill exceeds a redetermined maximum and. to liftthe dr1ll'when the elfective weight of the drill falls below a predetermined maximum thus to maintain the pressure of the drill againstthe work substanti- .drill pressure against the work and the limits of the drill torque.

3. In combination with a drilling apparatus including a drill, suspension means for the drill including a normally restrained device for lowering the drill and a separate device operable in response to the efiective weight of the drill exceeding a predetermined maximum to lower the drill, and a connection between said devices whereby operation of the second mentioned device to lower the drill efiects release of said first mentioned device.

4. In combination with a drilling apparatus including a drill, suspension means for the drill including a device for lowering the drill, a normally applied brake holding said device against drill lowering operation, and a separate device operable in response to the effective weight of the'drill exceeding a predetermined maximum to lower the drill and also operable in response to the efiective weight of the drill falling below a predetermined minimum to raise the drill, and a connection between said devices whereby operation of the second mentioned device to lower the drill releases said brake and whereby operation of the second mentioned device, to raise the drill results in application of said brake.

5. In combination with a drilling apparatus includin a drill sus ension line and a drill suspen ed from sai line intermediate the ends thereof, a normally restrained device connected to one end of the line for paying out the same to lower the drill, a separate device connected to the other end of the line and operable in response to the effective weight ofthe drill exceeding a predetermined maximum to pay out'the related .end of the line .to lower the drilland also 0 erable in response to the efi'ective weight 0? the drill falling below a predetermined minimum to take in the related end of the line to raise the drill, and a connection-between said devices whereby operation of the second mentioned device to lower the drill releases the first mentioned device and whereby operation of the second mentioned device to raise the drill results in restorin a restrained status of said first mentione device.

6. In combination with a drilling apparatus including a rotary drill, power means for rotating the same,,and suspension means for the drill including a normally restrained device for lowering the drill and a separate device operable in response to the effective weight of the drill exceeding a predetermined maximum to lower the drill and also operable in response to the eifectiveweight of the drill falling below a predetermined minimum to raise the drill, means whereby said second mentioned device also is oper-.

able in response to resistance to rotation of the drill exceeding a predetermined amount to raise the drill and in response to resistance to rotation of the drill falling.

below a predetermined amount to lower the drill, and a connection between said devices whereby operation of the second mentioned device to lower the drill releases the first mentioned device and whereby operation of the second mentioned device to raise the drill results in restoring a restrained status "of said first mentioned device.

7. In combination with a drilling apparatus including a rotary drill, power means for rotating the same, and suspension means for the drill including a normally restrained device for lowering the drill and a separate device for both raising and lowering thedrill, means whereby said second mentioned device is operable in response to resistance to rotation of the drill exceeding a, predetermined amount to raise the drill and in response to resistance to rotationof the drill falling below a predetermined amount to lower the drill, and a connection between said devices whereby operation of the sec-v. 0nd mentioned device to lower the drill. releases said first mentioned device and where by operation of the second mentioned device to raise the drill results in restoring a restrained status of said first mentioned deratus including a rotary drill, power means for rotating the same, and suspension means for the drill including a normally restrained device for lowering the drill and a separate device operable in response to resistance to rotation of the drill falling below apredetermined amount to lower the drill, and a connection between said devices whereby operation of the second mentioned device to lower the drill etl'ects release of said first mentioned device.

WILHELM HERMANN nnsronl 

